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A page or image on this site is in the public domain ONLY if its URL has a total of one *asterisk. The result was that Porus's cavalry, foot soldiers and elephants eventually became jumbled together. What was it that led him to go out and conquer the known world?

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Alexander killing Parmenio, his former second in command, and Cleitus, the Macedonian king's close friend who is said to have saved his life at the Battle of Granicus, may be seen as a sign of how Alexander's men were becoming tired of campaigning, and how Alexander was becoming increasingly paranoid. This is interesting, because at the time when the reunification of Germany was happening under Bismarck, you have Johann Droysen writing a history of Philip and then of Alexander. Is he focused entirely on their military conquests or does he have a broader point to make about Greek culture? It can also appear across various crossword publications, including newspapers and websites around the world like the LA Times, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and more. Book famously carried by alexander the great place. "Until the internet age, Alexander the Great was probably the most famous human being who ever lived, " Cartledge wrote. Well, he died young, from a fever while still planning his next campaign. Did I understand the period and the relationship of the people of that period? The issues I find with him are a few fold. You also have an interest in Afghanistan as this borderland between British India on the one hand and Russia on the other, and people becoming fascinated by what Alexander did in Afghanistan—where he went, and finding the places that he went to. "And if thou shouldst not, what penalty wilt thou undergo for thy rashness? " Not flat, as a running route Crossword Clue NYT.

2 Plutarch apparently derives this verb from Θρῇσσαι (Thracian women). Thus much concerning Thebes. Stories about alexander the great. This is one of the few pieces of contemporary evidence we possess for naming the Macedonian king. And when the king answered, "My hopes, " "In these, then, " said Perdiccas, "we also will share who make the expedition with thee. " And what makes it possible for him to run Persia for the brief time that he does before his death is his maintenance of Persian governmental structures and—what was controversial to people like Arrian and Curtius—his adoption of some of the practices of how to be an Achaemenid King and how he related to the Persian hierarchy by adopting these practices.

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5 356 B. C. The day of birth has probably been moved back two or three months for the sake of the coincidence mentioned below (§ 5). 26 In the early spring of 334 B. C. 27 Cf. I think that image is probably how he would have thought about himself at the end of his reign. However, it seems like these people have been romanticized past the point of believability. 14 1 And now a general assembly of the Greeks was held at the Isthmus, 25 where a vote was passed to make an expedition against Persia with Alexander, and he was proclaimed their leader. He spent a fair amount of time on Alexander's father Phillip, which helped make the point that Alexander wasn't the first Macedonian to seek control over other territories. He wants to present Alexander in a positive light as a Greek, as a sign of how great the Greeks were in the past. But that Greekness is there in Arrian, minimising the extent to which Alexander was working within an Achaemenid Persian set up. Alexander the Great by Philip Freeman. Scythian horsemen from the Persian Empire's northern borders faced Alexander, as did "Indian" troops (as the ancient writers called them) who were probably from modern-day Pakistan. So, I think his eastern campaign was an unmitigated success, apart from his own injuries. 3 In later times, moreover, as we are told, the calamity of the Thebans often gave him remorse, and made him milder towards many people.

9 For it was neither every kind of fame nor fame from every source that he courted, as Philip did, who plumed himself like a sophist on the power of his oratory, and took care to have the victories of his chariots at Olympia engraved upon his coins; 10 nay, when those about him inquired whether he would be willing to contend in the foot-race at the Olympic games, since he was swift of foot, "Yes, " said he, "if I could have kings as my contestants. " What Kuhrt provides us with is a clear idea of how the Empire functioned because, broadly speaking, it carried on much the same throughout the fifth and fourth centuries. Like so many kings before him, he wished to consult the oracle regarding his upcoming military campaign. The other thing to say is that Arrian has probably got a particular reader in mind, and that reader is the Emperor Hadrian. Book famously carried by Alexander the Great throughout his conquest of Asia Crossword Clue NYT - News. That's a pity, because it means we don't have his account of the early stages of Alexander the Great's career. "Alexander would take away the political autonomy of those he conquered but not their culture or way of life. 6 Moreover, a serpent was once seen lying stretched out by the side of Olympias as she slept, and we are told that this, more than anything else, dulled the ardour of Philip's attentions to his wife, so that he no longer came often to sleep by her side, either because he feared that some spells and enchantments might be practised upon him by her, or because he shrank from her embraces in the conviction that she was the partner of a superior being. So Arrian uses Ptolemy and Aristobulus, but they would want to make it more readable and in a higher style, more impressive altogether. One final question, which leads on from that. Arrian, very helpfully, does tell us who he was getting his facts from.

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Alexander could also be a brutal commander: Freeman shows us all of Alexander's less appealing characteristics: his massacres of women and children, his killing of friends in drunken rages, his destruction of entire cities (even after capturing them) and basically sacrificing thousands of his own men to his mindblowing ambition. 4 Aristotle he admired at the first, and loved him, as he himself used to say, more than he did his father, for that the one had given him life, but the other had taught him a noble life; later, however, p245 he held him in more or less of suspicion, not to the extent of doing him any harm, but his kindly attentions lacked their former ardour and affection towards him, and this was proof of estrangement. The first major battle he won against the Perisans was in 334 B. at the Battle of Granicus, fought in modern-day western Turkey, not far from the ancient city of Troy. Overall, notwithstanding these relatively minor issues, it is a very nice, enjoyable read well deserving a full 4-star rating. I just think it's unfortunate to have this big personality to write about and only concentrate on his genius when it comes to war. He's using a different source from Arrian. 10 Alexander's crest was broken off, together with one of its plumes, and his helmet could barely and with difficulty resist the blow, so that the edge of the battle-axe touched the topmost hair of his head. If the URL has none the item is © Bill Thayer. Because that guy seems really interesting. A third writer on Alexander, who I didn't choose, is Plutarch, who wrote the life of Alexander the Great round about AD 100, so a little bit before Arrian. 3 Apelles, however, in painting him as wielder of the thunder-bolt, did not reproduce his complexion, but made it too dark and swarthy. Alexander the Great: Facts, biography and accomplishments | Live Science. People in Rome worshipped this guy. 2 She admitted that she had, and after p257 leading him by himself into the garden and showing him a well, 671told him that when the city was taken she had with her own hands cast in there her most valuable possessions.

Alexander's father was often away, conquering neighboring territories and putting down revolts. So, he's supposed to do the rituals and they look after him in the same way that they would look after any other king. To give an example, towards the end of his reign there's a story told about how Alexander is exercising and has taken off his royal clothes and put them on his throne, which is nearby. Book famously carried by alexander the great site. 6 And yet it is said that the wife of Dareius was far the most comely of all royal women, just as Dareius himself also was handsomest and tallest of men, and the daughters resembled their parents. He is also very keen to emphasise Alexander's reliance on superstition, again in contrast to Arrian.

8 To Philip, however, who had just taken Potidaea, there came three messages at the same time: the first that Parmenio had conquered the Illyrians in a great battle, the second that his race-horse had won a victory at the Olympic games, while a third announced the birth of Alexander. He had always had a violent temper and been rash, impulsive and stubborn. 4 And certainly the p259 murder of Cleitus, 21 which he committed in his cups, and the cowardly refusal of his Macedonians to follow him against the Indians, 22 whereby they as it were robbed his expedition and his glory of their consummation, he was wont to attribute to the vengeful wrath of Dionysus. Even though most historians portrayed the Macedonian in a positive light till the heyday of colonialism, the two bloody world wars in the twentieth century made them more circumspect in whitewashing the inhuman war crimes of the Greek king. 28 "Not much more than thirty thousand foot, including light-armed troops and archers, and over five thousand horse" (Arrian, Anab.

This decreases the retailer's costs for handling and storage as well as its investment in inventory. A bookshop is a type of retail operation that can be started in many different ways, with less money than is usually required to open a store. Some professionals use a retail planogram, a type of diagram, to detail the placement of items in a store. Employees should begin preparing at a designated time for the store to close. For instance, you can have a free children's story time once per week, donate extra books to low-income families, give a discount to military personnel or allow non-profit groups to hold meetings at your store. The final area of operations responsibility is store operations management. The retail apocalypse testifies to that. Restock shelves at this time, or as needed, but don't interrupt customers unnecessarily. How retailers can keep up with consumers | McKinsey. Sears and Wal-Mart Stores, for instance, are earning "rent" on their digital assets by establishing third-party marketplaces similar to Amazon's. Cash, Fraud, and Internal Control Functions. The goal is to ensure a retailer has the ideal amount of product available when customers want it while keeping costs at a minimum. Participants will participate in one of the two categories in which their SBE earned gold certification: Retail Operations or Food Operations. It's why we do Facebook Live - it's a driving force toward our crystal ball. As prices and inventory availability become more transparent, retailers will not survive just by being "pass through" sellers of national brands.

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Bob Clary: "Much smaller than today, for one. New retail business models. Don't leave empty boxes of trash outside as a customer's first impression. Consider the ongoing blurring of lines between formats and sectors as retailers try to steal shopping trips and share from one another (for instance, fresh food is no longer the dominion of supermarkets alone but is also increasingly found in warehouse clubs, convenience stores, pharmacies, and even dollar stores). We believe retailers should move quickly and take a hard look at future space needs and mobilize now to right-size their store networks. School store operations textbook pdf 1. This is the fourth area of retail operations: inventory management.

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Retailers that follow inventory management best practices lay the foundation for greater stock accuracy, lower costs, less shrinkage and higher profit margins. Stores should also carefully track returns to understand patterns and resolve problems. What Is Retail Inventory Control? First, they integrate a POS system with an inventory management system, so the stock reflects every sale or return.

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Moreover, turnover does not show how many sales a store missed because an item was out of stock. Requires dealing with upset or angry employees. A retail clothing store is mostly goods. Low-margin, high-volume stores depend on rapid turnover to make a profit. Decreases Inventory Costs: When you know how much stock you have and how much you need, you can pinpoint inventory levels more accurately, thereby reducing storage and carrying costs for excess merchandise. Strive to meet industry standards and follow the advice of inventory experts. How to Start a Bookshop Business. Improves Forecasting: You can use data such as historical sales results and available inventory to project future sales, growth and capital needs. In larger retail businesses, some of the functions may fall outside of what they call their operations department. Fit, description, colors, material all have to be realistic.

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They can save the retailer money and scale more easily. If you decide to sell online, choose a very specific niche, such as books on religion, sports books or vintage cookbooks. The ones that truly cater to customers' needs. You might also join a bookseller's association, such as the American Booksellers Association, which provides opportunities to network with suppliers and learn more about your industry. Too many retailers on Main Street cling to their 9 to 5 or 10 to 6 hours when the most people are actually on Main Street in the evening. Three customer segments that will make disproportionate contributions to spending growth, for example, must fit squarely into retailers' customer-driven strategies. Based on your procedures, you might take some cash to another spot, such as the back office, for later deposit. School store operations textbook pdf online. Use the product data to decide when and how much to reorder and when to offer promotions or discounts.

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Signage: Posting signs, both outside and inside, help to direct customers and make them aware of products, services, and offers. Retailers can't force people to come to the store when they want them too, but must be open when customers want to be there. Tracks and records leave taken by employees, determining whether a substitute will be necessary. How it handles returns and refunds. You need to be able to see all products, across all channels, in a single view and apply intelligent order management to your purchasing to provide customers with an exceptional shopping experience. FIFO, the most popular choice for retailers, is thought to be a more accurate reflection of real business conditions than LIFO. School store operations textbook pdf downloads. When you turn on the lights, replace any burned-out ones promptly. This allows customers to engage more with the products and the brand. As pressure mounts on traditional sell-through revenue, incumbent retailers too must find new profit pools. Products may include spirit wear, food and beverage items, school supplies, signs and banners and more, while other SBEs provide services such as creative design, advertising sales and more. Depending on your needs, you might add price tags or bar codes to the stock. Submission Deadline: January 12, 2023. Among the common quantitative methods are moving average and time-series analysis—which take historical sales and seasonality into account. Virtually every operations function detailed in this article should have a written procedure compiled into an operations manual to ensure uniformity and consistency.

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Similarly, traffic patterns for customers can be gridded, almost like streets, looping or curving, or more free flowing. So, you can primarily focus on deviations. Below, you will find links to sites for certain local and national book retailers and other potential sources for course materials. School-Based Enterprise | DECA Inc. The best-run stores comprehensively train their employees on how to treat customers and provide superior service to keep them coming back. When to discontinue a product. Inventory management software can automate this planning. Oversight of all internal controls, such as for cash handling. If the product is sellable, add it to your inventory counts, and put it in its correct place (in a physical store, ecommerce inventory, etc.

Spot checking is a good method to identify issues in inventory procedures before they become larger problems. This is what happens with today's computerized POS systems. To run smoothly and efficiently, stores should define their daily, weekly, and monthly processes in written standard operating procedures. Establish policies for entering inventory, including who is responsible and when to do it. How many products to reorder and how often. A tire store sells both a product (tires) and service (installation). Bookstores can be found all across the country, from the smallest towns to the largest cities.

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