9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key

Simple and easy to use. Watch for a general overview. These carriers can pass electrons along in the ETS because of their redox potential. A large amount of ATP is generated during this stage — 32 ATP molecules to be exact! Directions: Watch The Citric Acid Cycle: An Overview to see how pyruvate is broken down during the citric acid cycle. These electron transfers take place on the inner part of the cell membrane of prokaryotic cells or in specialized protein complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. For example, the number of hydrogen ions that the electron transport system complexes can pump through the membrane varies between different species of organisms. Along the way, ATP (energy for cells) is produced. Electron Transport Energy generated by the electron transport chain is used to move H+ ions against a concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the intermembrane space. 2 The Process of Cellular Respiration. I tried my best to visually layout the metabolic pathways of Cellular Respiration for my AP Biology students. The Krebs Cycle During the Krebs cycle, the second stage of cellular respiration, pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis is broken down into carbon dioxide. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key gizmo. The number of ATP molecules generated from the catabolism of glucose varies. Electron Transport System.

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9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Quizlet

Denitrifiers are important soil bacteria that use nitrate and nitrite as final electron acceptors, producing nitrogen gas (N2). Glycolysis is the first set of reactions that occur during cellular respiration. If you are like most people, you feel sluggish, a little dizzy, and weak. ATP synthase (like a combination of the intake and generator of a hydroelectric dam) is a complex protein that acts as a tiny generator, turning by the force of the H+ diffusing through the enzyme, down their electrochemical gradient from where there are many mutually repelling H+ to where there are fewer H+. Citric Acid Production Acetyl-CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to produce citric acid. These notes include Glycolysis, Oxidation of Pyruvate, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation, and Anaerobic Respiration. Chapter 9 Student Edition Full | PDF | Cellular Respiration | Glycolysis. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, meaning it occurs without oxygen. Overall, 2 molecules of ATP are produced. So each molecule of glucose results in two complete "turns" of the Krebs cycle. I made these as a resource for my students to use while studying and do not use them as guided notes during my instruction, however, I did include a fill-in-the-blanks version for any teacher who'd prefer that style.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Answer

The cell lacks genes encoding enzymes to minimize the severely damaging effects of dangerous oxygen radicals produced during aerobic respiration, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or superoxide. Do both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration use an electron transport chain? The turning of the parts of this molecular machine regenerates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by oxidative phosphorylation, a second mechanism for making ATP that harvests the potential energy stored within an electrochemical gradient. Weakness is your body's way of telling you that your energy supplies are low. Thus, the 10 NADH molecules made per glucose during glycolysis, the transition reaction, and the Krebs cycle carry enough energy to make 30 ATP molecules, whereas the two FADH2 molecules made per glucose during these processes provide enough energy to make four ATP molecules. Carbons are broken down and released as carbon dioxide while ATP is made and electrons are passed to electron carriers, NADH and FADH2. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key quizlet. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. Chemiosmosis, Proton Motive Force, and Oxidative Phosphorylation. Reward Your Curiosity. Glycolysis does not require oxygen, so it can quickly supply energy to cells when oxygen is unavailable. Energy Extraction Each molecule of glucose results in 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, which enter the Krebs cycle. In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor (i. e., the one having the most positive redox potential) at the end of the ETS is an oxygen molecule (O2) that becomes reduced to water (H2O) by the final ETS carrier. When you eat, your body digests the food into smaller chemical compounds like sugars (glucose), fats, and proteins. Cellular Respiration: The Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle).

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Energy Totals In the presence of oxygen, the complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration could produce 38 ATP molecules. In prokaryotic cells, H+ is pumped to the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane (called the periplasmic space in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria), and in eukaryotic cells, they are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the intermembrane space. Two molecules of CO2 are released. One possible alternative to aerobic respiration is anaerobic respiration, using an inorganic molecule other than oxygen as a final electron acceptor. Cellular Respiration Summary. 9.2 the process of cellular respiration answer key answer. Under aerobic conditions (i. e., oxygen is present), the pyruvate and NADH molecules made during glycolysis move from the cytoplasm into the matrix of the mitochondria. The four major classes of electron carriers involved in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic electron transport systems are the cytochromes, flavoproteins, iron-sulfur proteins, and the quinones.

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Question

The electron transport chain (ETC) is the final stage of cellular respiration. ATP is a source of usable energy for cells and is the key energy molecule for all biological organisms. Because the ions involved are H+, a pH gradient is also established, with the side of the membrane having the higher concentration of H+ being more acidic. Can be used with Cornell notes. Most ATP, however, is generated during a separate process called oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs during cellular respiration. There pyruvate feeds into the next stage of respiration, which is called the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle).

9.2 The Process Of Cellular Respiration Answer Key Gizmo

You're Reading a Free Preview. Energy Extraction Energy released by the breaking and rearranging of carbon bonds is captured in the forms of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. In each transfer of an electron through the ETS, the electron loses energy, but with some transfers, the energy is stored as potential energy by using it to pump hydrogen ions (H+) across a membrane. One molecule of CO2 is also produced.

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Energy Extraction Citric acid is broken down into a 5-carbon compound and then a 4-carbon compound. For a protein or chemical to accept electrons, it must have a more positive redox potential than the electron donor. We have just discussed two pathways in glucose catabolism—glycolysis and the Krebs cycle—that generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. Cellular Respiration Overview.

Electron transport is a series of chemical reactions that resembles a bucket brigade in that electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed rapidly from one ETS electron carrier to the next. The Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle because citric acid is the first compound formed in this series of reactions. Explain the relationship between chemiosmosis and proton motive force. These nutrients enter your cells and are converted into adenosine triphosphate ( ATP). Therefore, for each glucose molecule, 6 CO2 molecules, 2 ATP molecules, 8 NADH molecules, and 2 FADH2 molecules are produced in the Kreb's cycle.. Electron Transport NADH and FADH2 pass their high-energy electrons to electron carrier proteins in the electron transport chain. The tendency for movement in this way is much like water accumulated on one side of a dam, moving through the dam when opened.

The NADH carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to produce ATP. In reality, the total ATP yield is usually less, ranging from one to 34 ATP molecules, depending on whether the cell is using aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration; in eukaryotic cells, some energy is expended to transport intermediates from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria, affecting ATP yield. Directions: Watch the video Energy Consumption: An Overview for a look at the different cellular processes responsible for generating and consuming energy. Equation for Cellular Respiration. It's actually quite amazing. Complex carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose.